Spandex - spring riders Manufacturer - children desk and chair

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Spandex fibre production Spandex fibres are produced in four different ways, including melt extrusion, reaction spinning, solution dry spinning, and solution wet spinning. All of these methods include the initial step of reacting monomers to produce a prepolymer. Once the prepolymer is formed, it is reacted further in various ways and drawn out to produce a long fibre. The solution dry spinning method is used to produce over 94.5% of the world's spandex fibres. Solution dry spinning Step 1: The first step is to produce the prepolymer. This is done by mixing a macroglycol with a diisocyanate monomer. The two compounds are mixed together in a reaction vessel to produce a prepolymer. A typical ratio of glycol to diisocyanate is 1:2. Step 2: The prepolymer is further reacted with an equal amount of diamine. This reaction is known as chain extension reaction. The resulting solution is diluted with a solvent to produce the spinning solution. The solvent helps make the solution thinner and more easily handled, and then it can be pumped into the fibre production cell. Step 3: The spinning solution is pumped into a cylindrical spinning cell where it is cured and converted into fibres. In this cell, the polymer solution is forced through a metal plate called a spinneret. This causes the solution to be aligned in strands of liquid polymer. As the strands pass through the cell, they are heated in the presence of a nitrogen and solvent gas. This process causes the liquid polymer to react chemically and form solid strands. Step 4: As the fibres exit the cell, an amount of solid strands are bundled together to produce the desired thickness. Each fibre of spandex is made up of many smaller individual fibres that adhere to one another due to the natural stickiness of their surface. Step 5: The resulting fibres are then treated with a finishing agent which can be magnesium stearate or another polymer. This treatment prevents the fibres' sticking together and aids in textile manufacture. The fibres are then transferred through a series of rollers onto a spool. Step 6: When the spools are filled with fibre, they are put into final packaging and shipped to textile manufacturers. Major spandex fibre uses Spandex leggings as casual wear Biker wearing spandex suit Apparel and clothing articles where stretch is desired, generally for comfort and fit, such as: athletic, aerobic, and exercise apparel wetsuits swimsuits/bathing suits competitive swimwear netball bodysuits bra straps and side panels ski pants disco jeans gloves slacks hosiery leggings socks diapers skinny jeans belts underwear zentai dance belts worn by male ballet dancers and others Compression garments such as: surgical hose support hose cycling shorts wrestling singlet rowing unisuit foundation garments motion capture suits Shaped garments such as bra cups Home furnishings, such as microbead pillows In clothing it usually appears as a small percentage of total material. In North America it is rare in men's clothing, but prevalent in women's. It is used more often in women's as their clothes are usually more form-fitting. It is usually mixed with a greater percentage of one other textile such as cotton or polyester. This reduces the reflection of light to hardly noticeable levels. In popular culture Superheroes In comic books, superheroes and superheroines commonly wear costumes thought to be made of spandex. However, early superhero comics predate the invention of spandex (Superman: 1938; Batman: 1939; Captain America: 1941). Printing processes for early color comics only rendered images with distinctly separate solid blocks of color well, because overprinting and color mixing yielded inconsistent results and bad looking muddy colors. Because spandex is skintight, as many superhero costumes appear to be drawn, and because spandex is almost exclusively made in similarly bright solid colors, the after-the-fact assumption of spandex composition was made. The same assumption of costume composition is also made for latex and rubber garments, which are also typically solid in color and skin-tight. In Japan, spandex is the common material for costumes used in the popular Super Sentai series. The first use of the material was in 1983's Kagaku Sentai Dynaman. It is also used in the American adaption of Power Rangers, with which it has achieved popularity. '70s/'80s rock/metal Black disco jeans made from spandex During the 1970s and 1980s, spandex leggings rose in popularity among many rock and heavy metal bands, particularly British NWOBHM and American glam metal bands. The main reasons for this massive, almost universal, embracement of spandex among rock/metal bands was because spandex retained its stretchy, tight fitting quality, even after extended wear. Denim jeans and leather strides tended to sag and wear, while spandex did not. Also, the stretchiness of the material did not constrict musicians' movement onstage, allowing them to perform high kicks, or to rest their feet on monitors. Some of the rock/metal bands who used spandex leggings included Queen, Ratt, Van Halen, Mtley Cre, Stryper, Judas Priest, Scorpions, Iron Maiden, Saxon, Whitesnake, Bon Jovi and Twisted Sister. By the end of the 1980s and the decline of glam metal with the advent of grunge and thrash metal, spandex fell out of fashion and many older glam bands found themselves being referred to as "spandex jockeys". 70s/80s country While glam metal bands were getting into the spandex craze, so were many glam-oriented country stars, especially women like Dolly Parton, Margo Smith, Louise Mandrell, and Dottie West. Dottie West is perhaps the best known of any country singer for wearing spandex disco jeans on stage.[citation needed] Science fiction Star Trek: The Next Generation featured a wide use of spandex uniforms in its early series. Later on, those uniforms were replaced by more classical clothes.[citation needed] See also Textile Spandex fetishism Darlexx Glam Metal References ^ Kadolph,Sara J., Textiles. ^ a b c d "How spandex is made" from How Products Are Made External links http://www.freepatentsonline.com/2929804.pdf http://pubs.acs.org/cen/whatstuff/stuff/7707scitek4.html v d e Fibers Natural Animal Alpaca Angora Bison Down Camel hair Cashmere Catgut Chiengora Llama Mohair Pashmina Qiviut Rabbit Silk Sinew Spider silk Wool Vicua Yak Vegetable Abac Bamboo Coir Cotton Flax Hemp Jute Kapok Kenaf Pia Raffia palm Ramie Sisal Wood Mineral Asbestos Basalt Mineral wool Glass wool Cellulose Acetate Art silk Bamboo Lyocell (Tencel) Modal Rayon Synthetic Acrylic Aramid (Twaron Kevlar Technora Nomex) Carbon (Tenax) Microfiber Modacrylic Nylon Olefin Polyester Polyethylene (Dyneema Spectra) Spandex Vinalon Zylon v d e Fabric Woven Aertex Airdura Airguard Barathea Barkcloth Batiste Bedford cord Bengaline silk Beta cloth Bombazine Broadcloth Buckram Bunting Burlap C change Calico Cambric Canvas Chambray Capilene Char cloth Charmeuse Charvet Cheesecloth Chiffon Chino Cloth of gold Duck Coutil Crape Cretonne Dazzle Denim Dimity Dowlas Drill Drugget Foulard Flannel Gabardine Gauze Ghalamkar Gingham Grenadine Grenfell Cloth Grosgrain Habutai Haircloth Harris Tweed Herringbone Himroo Hodden Irish linen Jamdani Kerseymere Khd Khaki Khaki drill Kente cloth Lam Lawn Linsey-woolsey Loden Lumalive Mackinaw Madapolam Madras Moleskin Moquette Muslin Nainsook Nankeen Ninon Oilskin Organdy Organza Osnaburg Ottoman Oxford Percale Pongee Poplin Rakematiz Rayadillo Rep Rinzu Ripstop Ripstop nylon Russell cord Saga Nishiki Samite Sateen Satin Saye Scarlet Seersucker Serge Scrim Stuff Taffeta Toile Tucuyo Tweed Twill Ultrasuede Ventile Vinyl coated polyester Viyella Voile Wigan Whipcord Windstopper Zephyr Zorbeez Figured woven Brocade Camlet Damask Songket Pile woven Baize Chenille Corduroy Crimplene Fustian Plush Polar fleece Terrycloth Velours du Kasa Velvet Velveteen Zibeline Nonwoven Felt Knitted Boiled wool Coolmax Machine knitting Milliskin Jersey Velour Netted Bobbinet Carbon fiber Fishnet Lace Mesh Needlerun Net Ninon Tulle Technical Ban-Lon Darlexx Gannex Gore-Tex Smartwool Silnylon Spandex Stub-tex SympaTex Patterns Argyle Herringbone Houndstooth Paisley Pin stripes Plaid/Tartan Tattersall Textile fibers Acrylic Alpaca Angora Cashmere Coir Cotton Hemp Jute Kevlar Linen Mohair Nylon Microfiber Olefin Pashmina Polyester Pia Ramie Rayon Sea silk Silk Sisal Spandex Spider silk Wool Finishing and printing Batik Beetling Bglanfini Calendering Finishing Fulling Mercerization Moire Roller printing Sanforization Textile printing Woodblock printing Related Dyeing Fiber History of textiles History of silk Knitting Pandy Synthetic fabric Technical fabric Terminology Manufacturing Preservation Weaving Yarn v d e Clothing Materials Cotton Fur Leather Linen Nylon Polyester Rayon Silk Spandex Wool Tops Blouse Crop top Dress shirt Halterneck Henley shirt Hoodie Jersey Guernsey (clothing) Polo shirt Shirt Sleeveless shirt Sweater T-shirt Tube top Turtleneck Trousers or pants Bell-bottoms Bermuda shorts Bondage pants Boxer shorts Capri pants Cargo pants Culottes Cycling shorts Dress pants Jeans Jodhpurs Overall Parachute pants Shorts Sweatpants Windpants Skirts A-line skirt Ballerina skirt Fustanella Hobble skirt Jean skirt Job skirt Leather skirt Kilt Men's skirts Microskirt Miniskirt Pencil skirt Poodle skirt Prairie skirt Rah-rah skirt Sarong Skort Slip Train Wrap Dresses Ball gown Cocktail dress Evening gown Gown Jumper dress Little black dress Petticoat Sari Sundress Tea gown Wedding dress Suits and uniforms Academic dress Afrocentric suit Black tie Buddhist monastic robe Clerical clothing Court dress Gymslip Jumpsuit Lab coat Mao suit Morning dress Pantsuit Red Sea rig Scrubs Stroller Tangzhuang Tuxedo White tie Outerwear Abaya Academic gown Anorak Apron Blazer Cloak Coat Duffle coat Frock coat Jacket Greatcoat Hoodie Opera coat Overcoat Pea coat Poncho Raincoat Redingote Robe Shawl Shrug Ski suit Sleeved blanket Top coat Trench coat Vest Waistcoat Windbreaker Underwear Boxer briefs Boxer shorts Brassiere Briefs Compression shorts Corselet Corset Knickers Lingerie Long underwear Men's undergarments Panties Teddy Trunks Undershirt Accessories Belly chain Belt Bow tie Chaps Coin purse Earring Gaiters Gloves Handbag Leg warmer Leggings Necklace Necktie Scarf Stocking Sunglasses Suspenders Tights Footwear Athletic shoe Boot Dress shoe Flip-flops Hosiery Pump Sandal Shoe Slipper Sock Headwear Balaclava Cap Fascinator Gaung Paung Hat Headband Helmet Hijab Hood Kerchief Mantilla Niqb Sombrero Turban Ushanka Veil Nightwear Babydoll Blanket sleeper Negligee Nightcap Nightgown Nightshirt Peignoir Pajamas Swimwear Bikini Swim diaper Wetsuit Clothing parts Back closure Buckle Button Buttonhole Collar Cuff Elastic Fly Hemline Hook-and-eye Lapel Neckline Pocket Shoulder pad Shoulder strap Sleeve Snap Strap Velcro Waistline Zipper National costume Abaya Aboyne dress o b ba o di o t thn Baro't saya Barong Tagalog Bunad jbningurinn Cheongsam Dashiki Deel Dhoti Dirndl Djellaba Gkti Gho & Kira Han Chinese clothing Hanbok Jellabiya Jilbb Kebaya Kente cloth Kilt Kimono Lederhosen Sampot Sarafan Sari Sarong Scottish dress Historical garments Banyan Bedgown Bodice Braccae Breeches Breeching Brunswick Chemise Chiton Chlamys Doublet Exomis Farthingale Frock Himation Hose Houppelande Jerkin Justacorps Palla Peplos Polonaise Smock-frock Stola Toga Tunic History and surveys Africa Ancient Greece Ancient Rome Ancient world Anglo-Saxon Byzantine Clothing terminology Dress code Early Medieval Europe Formal wear Han Chinese clothing History of clothing and textiles History of Western fashion series (1100s-2000s) Sumptuary law Timeline of clothing and textiles technology Undergarments Vietnam Women wearing pants See also Adaptive clothing Adult diaper Bathrobe Costume Fashion Ironing Laundry Locking clothing Reversible garment Categories: 1959 introductions | 1980s fashion | Copolymers | Synthetic fibers | Technical fabrics | Woven fabricsHidden categories: All articles with unsourced statements | Articles with unsourced statements from October 2009 | Articles with unsourced statements from September 2009

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